Countries

Qatar

People groups research report

Pray through Qatar

Pray for each of the 32 people groups of Qatar, one at a time.

Population
2,568,426 (2025 est.)
Capital
Doha
People groups
32 (2 native, 30 diaspora)
GDP per capita
$110,900 (2024 est.)
Primary religion
Islam
Official language
Arabic, Standard

Overview

A small desert peninsula

Qatar is a thumb of flat, dry desert that juts north from Saudi Arabia into the Persian Gulf. Its only land border is with Saudi Arabia; the island kingdom of Bahrain lies off its west coast, and Iran sits across the water to the north. Summers are long, hot and humid, often above 45°C in the shade, and most drinking water is made from seawater.

Under the seabed between Qatar and Iran lies the world's largest natural gas field. That gas, together with oil, has made Qatar one of the richest countries on earth.

The Qataris and their past

For centuries this was a coast of small towns that lived from pearl diving and trade. Arab tribes moved in from the deserts of central Arabia, and in the 1800s the Al Thani family, who still rule today, rose to lead the country. Qatar came under Ottoman and then British protection and became independent in 1971.

Much of the hard work of pearling was done by enslaved people brought from East Africa and from Balochistan, a region of today's Pakistan and Iran. At times they made up a quarter to a third of the population. Slavery ended in 1952. Their descendants are full citizens, but Afro-Qataris still carry a social stigma. A museum in Doha now tells the story of slavery in the Gulf.

Qatari citizens still draw lines among themselves. The bedu descend from desert tribes with close ties across the Saudi border. The hadar, or townspeople, include Arab merchant families, Arabs who returned from the Persian coast, and Qataris of Iranian descent. Most citizens are Sunni Muslims, and about one in ten is Shia. A few families of the Al Murrah tribe, stripped of citizenship in the 2000s, remain stateless.

A nation of newcomers

Qataris are a small minority in their own country. About 3.2 million people live here, but only around 350,000 to 400,000 are citizens. Everyone else came to work. Indians, many of them from the southern state of Kerala, are the largest group, followed by Bangladeshis, Nepalis, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Filipinos and Sri Lankans. Africans, especially Kenyans, arrive in growing numbers, Arabs from across the region work as teachers, engineers and officials, and Westerners work in business, universities and at a large American air base.

Most migrant workers are men who came alone, which makes Qatar's population the most male-heavy in the world. Many labourers live in camps on the western edge of Doha, apart from family neighbourhoods.

Life today

Nearly everyone lives in or around Doha. For citizens, life is comfortable: the state provides free housing, schooling, health care and government jobs. Western and Arab professionals form a middle layer. At the bottom are labourers and household workers from Asia and Africa, who earn low wages under a sponsorship system that ties them to their employer. Qatar has announced reforms, including a minimum wage, but rights groups say abuse continues. Building for the 2022 football World Cup drew the world's attention to their conditions, and working outdoors in the summer heat remains dangerous.

The emir holds nearly all power, and political parties are banned. Qatar is calm at home and plays a large role abroad, hosting the Al Jazeera news channel and brokering talks from Gaza to Afghanistan. From 2017 to 2021 its neighbours cut off trade and travel, splitting families who lived on both sides of the Saudi border.

Faith

Islam is the state religion and shapes the law, and nearly all Qatari citizens are Muslim. Because so many residents come from abroad, the country as a whole is more mixed than it looks: about two in three residents are Muslim, about one in six is Hindu, about one in seven is Christian, and a few are Buddhist. Hindus and Buddhists have no recognised temples.

The church and freedom of belief

Almost all Christians in Qatar are foreigners: Filipinos, Indians from Kerala, Westerners, Lebanese, Egyptians and Africans. Eight church groups are officially registered and share a walled compound known as "Church City", where about 100,000 people worship each week. Crosses and steeples may not be shown on the outside. Dozens of smaller congregations meet in private villas, and in 2025 the evangelical churches began building their own worship centre in the compound.

Trying to win someone to another faith can bring up to five years in prison, and leaving Islam is a crime in law, although no one is known to have been punished for it since 1971. The hardest road is for Qataris who become Christians: they can face family pressure, being confined at home, forced marriage and loss of standing. Muslim migrants who follow Jesus face similar pressure from their own communities.

People group distribution

People groups

Native groups (2)

Arab, Arabic Gulf Spoken
Population
340,000
Language
Arabic, Gulf
Religion
Islam - Sunni (Shia minority)
Location
Throughout Qatar; citizen districts of Doha and Al Rayyan, Al Daayen, Umm Salal, Al Wakrah, Al Khor, Al Shahaniya and Al Shamal

Qatar's Arab citizens, nearly nine Qataris in ten, are the people of the ruling Al Thani family and the core of a nation where citizens are barely one resident in eight. They are the descendants of the merchants, pearl divers and fishermen of the old coastal towns (hadar), of desert tribes such as the Al Murrah, Bani Hajer, Na'im and Manasir who were settled by the state in the 1960s (bedu), and of Huwala families who returned from the Persian coast; bedu and hadar still rarely marry each other. Most are Sunni, but about one in ten, from Baharna craft families of Bahrain and al-Ahsa or Ajam families of Iranian origin, are Twelver Shia who dress and live like their neighbours, mourn Imam Husayn at Ashura in a few quiet halls (husseiniyas) and settle family matters in their own Ja'fari court. Gas wealth gives them state jobs, free land and housing loans, free schooling and healthcare, while foreign workers do almost all manual labour. Each family receives guests in its majlis over Arabic coffee and dates, and on the 14th night of Ramadan children in traditional dress go from house to house singing Garangao songs for nuts and sweets.

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Deaf Qatari
Population
1,500
Language
Qatari Unified Sign Language
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Nationwide; community life centres on the Qatari Cultural and Social Center for the Deaf in Al Mamoura, Doha

Deaf Qataris are a small, close-knit community of about 1,500 people who sign in Qatari Sign Language, most of them from citizen families in which inherited deafness is common because cousins often marry. Their life centres on the Qatari Cultural and Social Center for the Deaf in Doha, founded and led by deaf Qataris, which teaches sign language to families, runs classes and sport, and campaigns for interpreters. Schooling for deaf pupils ends at a diploma that does not open Qatari universities, so many find only limited work. Qatar has invested in technology for them, including a dictionary of 4,500 Qatari signs and a three-dimensional virtual interpreter called BuHamad, yet sermons and Quran lessons in the mosques remain spoken and out of their reach.

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Diaspora groups (30)

Bengali, Muslim
Bengali, MuslimJPIMBDiscovery
Population
~473,000 Bangladeshis, plus an uncounted number of Indian Bengali Muslims from West Bengal
Language
Bengali
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Industrial Area and Labour City west of Doha, central Doha (Najma, Mansoura, Musheireb), Al Rayyan and Abu Hamour, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor and Ras Laffan, farms of Al Shahaniya

Bangladeshis are Qatar's second-largest foreign community, about 473,000 people, almost all of them men who came alone on two-year contracts to build the stadiums, metro lines and towers of the World Cup era and to clean, drive and guard the city since. Most live in company camps in the Industrial Area west of Doha, where they share rooms with men from the same home district, cook rice and fish curry together and play cricket in Asian Town on their day off. They are Bengali-speaking Sunni Muslims with a small Hindu minority, and the embassy-run Bangladesh MHM School in Abu Hamour, founded in 1979, serves the few families. They are joined by Bengali-speaking Muslims from West Bengal in India, mostly from Murshidabad, Malda and Nadia districts, who share their language, faith and village ways and work beside them in the same trades and camps, though no one has counted them. Recruitment debts, traded visas and unpaid wages weigh on many, and more than a thousand Bangladeshis died in Qatar in the decade before the 2022 World Cup.

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Nepali, general
Nepali, generalJPIMBDiscovery
Population
367,000
Language
Nepali (individual language)
Religion
Hinduism
Location
Industrial Area and Labour City west of Doha, central Doha, Al Rayyan, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor and Ras Laffan, Lusail; women in households and hospitals

Nepalis are Qatar's third-largest foreign community, about 367,000 workers, nearly all men who came on short contracts to build the World Cup stadiums and now guard, clean and staff Doha's hotels, malls and offices. They come from every corner of Nepal: high-caste Hindu hill families, Gurung and Tamang Buddhists, Rai and Limbu from the eastern hills and Maithili-speaking Madhesis from the southern plains, who share camp rooms in the Industrial Area and celebrate Dashain and Tihar with goat curry and sel roti in rented halls. Heat and exhaustion take a heavy toll, with close to two hundred Nepalis dying in Qatar each year. A Nepali-language church founded in the late 1990s has grown to about seven hundred members meeting in twenty-two house groups.

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Arab, Egyptian general
Population
280,000
Language
Arabic, Egyptian
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (Al Sadd, Bin Mahmoud, Al Mansoura, Madinat Khalifa, Al Gharrafa), Al Wakrah, Al Khor and Ras Laffan

Egyptians are Qatar's largest Arab expatriate community, about 250,000 to 350,000 people, of whom some 280,000 are Sunni Muslims. Egyptian teachers, judges and civil servants helped build Qatar's schools and ministries from the 1950s, and today Egyptians work as teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, accountants and journalists as well as drivers, salesmen and technicians. Their Cairo dialect, known to every Qatari from Egyptian film and television, makes them at home in Arabic-speaking workplaces, and many families send their children to the Egyptian Language School in Abu Hamour. They stayed through the 2017-2021 rupture between Cairo and Doha, when Egypt closed its embassy and the community feared mass expulsion.

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Filipino, Tagalog
Population
~235,000 (est. 220,000-250,000)
Language
Tagalog
Religion
Christianity (mostly Roman Catholic)
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (employer homes and shared flats), Mesaimeer church complex, Al Khor and Ras Laffan, Al Wakrah

Filipinos are one of Qatar's largest and most visible communities, some 220,000 to 250,000 people from across the Philippines who use Tagalog (Filipino) as their common language. Many women work as live-in household helpers, while men and women fill jobs in hotels, malls, hospitals, transport, construction and the gas industry. They are the backbone of Christianity in Qatar: Tagalog is one of the main languages of Mass at Our Lady of the Rosary, the Catholic church in the walled religious complex outside Doha that holds no outward cross, and a Filipino pastor led the evangelical alliance that won permission to build its own church there. A smaller Filipino Muslim community, including many converts known as Balik Islam, has its own federation of associations.

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Malayali
MalayaliJPIMBGRNDiscovery
Population
200,000
Language
Malayalam
Religion
Islam (plurality); Hindu and Christian
Location
Central Doha (Najma, Mansoura, Old Airport, Bin Omran), Al Rayyan and Abu Hamour, Industrial Area, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor and Ras Laffan

Malayalis from Kerala, about 200,000 people, are the backbone of Qatar's Indian community, present since the oil boom of the 1950s to 1970s and spread across every level of work, from drivers and grocery staff to nurses, engineers and owners of supermarket chains. Unlike most South Asians in Qatar, many live with their families, and their children fill Indian schools in Doha and Al Rayyan. They are split almost three ways by faith, with Muslims the largest share, Hindus next and a Christian minority that runs some of the busiest parishes in the Mesaimeer church complex, including the Arabian Peninsula's only independent Syro-Malabar church. Two Malayalam radio stations broadcast from Doha, and Onam feasts served on banana leaves are a fixture of the community's year.

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Hindi
HindiJPGRNDiscovery
Population
~150,000 (100,000-250,000)
Language
Hindi
Religion
Hinduism
Location
Industrial Area and Labour City west of Doha, central Doha, Al Rayyan and Abu Hamour, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor and Ras Laffan

Hindi-speaking Indians from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Rajasthan, perhaps 150,000 people, work in Qatar as masons, electricians, drivers, guards and cooks, with a smaller circle of engineers and doctors living with their families. The two big states of the Hindi belt now send more Indian manual workers abroad than any others, and their men fill the labour camps of the Industrial Area, where Bhojpuri and Maithili singers draw crowds of tens of thousands in Asian Town. Most are Hindus who keep Diwali, Holi and the Bihari sun festival of Chhath in their rooms or in rented halls, since Qatar has no Hindu temple, and a minority are Muslims. Regional societies such as the Bihar Social Forum bring Hindus and Muslims from the same home state together for Holi and Eid.

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South Asian, Telugu-speaking
Population
~150,000 (100,000-200,000)
Language
Telugu
Religion
Hinduism
Location
Industrial Area and Labour City, central Doha, Al Rayyan and Abu Hamour, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor and Ras Laffan

Telugu speakers from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, perhaps 150,000 people, came to Qatar mostly as masons, carpenters, electricians and drivers, and some 30,000 extra labourers arrived for World Cup construction alone. Most of the workers come from the northern Telangana districts of Nizamabad, Jagtial and Karimnagar, where going to the Gulf has been the main way out of drought and farm debt for two generations. Nearly all are Hindus who keep Ugadi, Sankranti and Telangana's Bathukamma flower festival in rented halls, alongside a small Christian minority that meets in Telugu congregations. Their many associations pool money for families when a worker dies far from home.

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Urdu
UrduJPIMBGRN
Population
100,000
Language
Urdu
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Central Doha (Najma, Mansoura, Al Muntazah, Bin Mahmoud), Al Rayyan and Abu Hamour, Industrial Area, Al Wakrah and Mesaieed, Al Khor

Urdu speakers in Qatar, about 100,000 people, are Pakistanis from Karachi and the cities of Sindh, Saraiki- and Hindko-speaking districts and Kashmir who use Urdu as their everyday language, together with Muslims from Hyderabad, Lucknow and other Indian cities. Pakistanis have lived in Qatar since the 1940s, and their community schools in Doha date from the 1960s; the community now runs from drivers and mechanics to traders, accountants and doctors. Urdu poetry is their pride: a Doha literary society founded in 1991 holds an annual Indo-Pakistani mushaira and gives one of the best-known Urdu literary awards to a writer from each country. Most are Sunni Muslims, with a Shia minority and a small number of Pakistani Christians.

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Sinhalese, general
Sinhalese, generalJPIMBGRNDiscovery
Population
~95,000 (est. 85,000-105,000)
Language
Sinhala
Religion
Buddhism - Theravada
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan, Industrial Area labour camps, employer homes across the Doha area

The Sinhalese are the largest part of Qatar's Sri Lankan community, Buddhist workers from the island's southern, western and central districts who began arriving in numbers in the 1990s. Unlike the housemaid-heavy Sri Lankan communities of Kuwait, those in Qatar are mostly men: nearly nine in ten Sri Lankans who registered for jobs in Qatar in 2025 were men, working as drivers, technicians, construction tradesmen, security guards and hotel staff. With no temple allowed, Buddhists keep their faith in private and gather at the Sri Lankan embassy for Vesak, the festival of the Buddha's birth and enlightenment. The April Sinhala and Tamil New Year brings families and workers together for tug-of-war, pillow fights, pot-breaking and a traditional milk-rice breakfast.

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KenyanIMBDiscovery
Population
75,000
Language
English
Religion
Christianity - Neo-Pentecostalism
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (central Doha flats, Industrial Area labour housing, private homes)

Kenyans are one of Qatar's fastest-growing communities: about 2,500 worked there around 2009, and more than 75,000 by early 2025, with the two governments aiming for 200,000. They came through a 2012 labour agreement, first as hotel staff, security guards and domestic workers, and increasingly as police recruits, nurses, teachers and technicians. Drawn from all of Kenya's peoples, they speak Swahili and English among themselves and organise as Kenyans rather than by tribe, through savings cooperatives, the embassy and FC Kenya, a football club founded in 2012. Most are Christians who worship on Fridays at the churches of Doha's religious complex and in African-led evangelical congregations, while a Muslim minority comes mainly from the coast and the north-east.

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Pashtun, Northern
Population
70,000
Language
Northern Pashto
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and the Industrial Area labour city; Mesaieed, Al Wakrah, Al Khor; Afghan evacuees at Camp As Sayliyah

Pashtuns in Qatar are mostly men from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and former tribal areas, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, Dir, Orakzai, Kurram and Waziristan, who drive trucks and heavy equipment, build, guard and work in the industrial towns on single-status contracts, joined by a few thousand Afghans. They speak Pashto among themselves and Urdu with other Pakistanis, and their associations carry tribal names such as Wazir, Bangash, Orakzai and Afridi. The Qatar Pakhtoon Community even names its own jirga elders, and the Qatar Pashtun Community marks Pashtun Culture Day each September as a celebration of hospitality, generosity and peace. Pakistanis have worked in Qatar since the 1950s, and some Pashtun families are now in their third generation there.

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Arab, Syrian (Muslim traditions)
Population
64,000
Language
Standard Arabic
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha, Al Rayyan (Syrian community school in Al Duhail) and Al Wakrah

Syrians in Qatar, over 64,000 people in 2024, are a long-established community of doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators, traders and craftsmen that roughly doubled after the 2011 uprising, when Qatar let Syrians stay on work contracts or renewable visitor visas rather than as refugees. Qatar was the Syrian opposition's main Gulf backer and in 2013 handed the Syrian embassy in Doha to the opposition coalition, the first such embassy anywhere; the community elected its own council, and a free Syrian school in Al Duhail, funded by the Qatari government since 2013, became the venue for its elections and its vigils for Aleppo and Idlib. Most are Sunni Muslims, with Orthodox and Catholic Christians who worship in Arabic at the Mesaimeer churches. Since Assad's fall in December 2024 the embassy serves the new government, whose president met the community in Doha in April 2025; some families have gone home, but most remain, tied to jobs and their children's schooling.

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Arab, Palestinian
Population
60,000
Language
Levantine Arabic
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (Al Sadd, Bin Mahmoud, Al Mansoura, Madinat Khalifa, Al Gharrafa), Al Wakrah; Gaza evacuees at Al Thumama

Palestinians were among the first foreigners to build modern Qatar: after 1948 refugees from the West Bank, Gaza and the camps of Lebanon and Syria came as teachers, clerks, engineers and administrators, and many families have now lived in Doha for three generations without citizenship. About 60,000 people of Palestinian origin live in Qatar, holding Jordanian or Palestinian passports, Egyptian travel documents or refugee papers, most of them Sunni Muslims with a small Greek Orthodox and Catholic minority. Qatar hosts the Hamas political office and has drawn Palestinians through a 2015-2017 programme of work visas for Gaza and West Bank teachers and, from December 2023, the evacuation of wounded Gazans and their families to Doha. The right of return remains at the heart of their identity, kept alive in embroidered dresses, dabke and family memories of lost villages.

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Arab, Sudanese
Population
60,000
Language
Arabic, Sudanese
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha, Al Rayyan, Mesaimeer/Abu Hamour (Sudanese community schools) and Al Wakrah

Sudanese have lived in Qatar since the 1950s and 1960s, when Al-Azhar-trained teachers, army and police officers, judges and officials helped build the young state's institutions, and Sudan opened its first embassy after President Nimeiry's visit in 1971. The community has grown to about 60,000, Sunni Muslims of the Maliki school, many of whom keep ties to Sufi brotherhoods from home. Doctors, engineers, accountants, teachers and journalists sit alongside traders, drivers and restaurant workers, and since 1998 their own community schools in Mesaimeer have taught Sudanese children. Since war broke out in Sudan in April 2023, Sudanese in Doha have become a lifeline for families at home, sending money and running volunteer online clinics.

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Arab, Jordanian
Population
45,000
Language
Standard Arabic
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan; Al Wakrah

Jordanians are one of Qatar's fastest-growing Arab communities: about 75,000 Jordanian workers lived in the country in 2024, up from some 40,000 Jordanians a decade earlier, after Qatar pledged 20,000 jobs for young Jordanians when the two countries restored full relations in 2019. Roughly half are East Bank Jordanians, perhaps 45,000 people with their families, the rest being Jordanians of Palestinian origin. Most work as teachers, doctors and nurses in government and private schools and hospitals, or in banking, construction, hospitality and IT, and they keep close clan ties to towns such as Irbid, Salt and Karak, where mansaf still marks every family occasion. They are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslims with a small Orthodox and Catholic Christian minority.

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Arab, Lebanese general
Population
40,000
Language
Levantine Arabic
Religion
Mixed: Christian c. 35-40% (Maronite largest), Sunni c. 35%, Shia c. 25%
Location
Doha (Al Dafna/West Bay, The Pearl, Al Sadd, Bin Mahmoud), Al Rayyan and Lusail

Lebanese in Qatar, about 40,000 people, are a professional and often trilingual community of bankers, managers, engineers, doctors, teachers, chefs and media and advertising specialists, established enough to have founded their own school in Doha in 1976 and joined by many more after Lebanon's financial collapse in 2019 and the Beirut port explosion of 2020. Unlike most Arab expatriate groups they are religiously mixed: Maronite, Greek Orthodox and Melkite Christians alongside Sunni and Shia Muslims. The Maronites, about 12,000 strong, have their own parish and a 3,000-seat church of St Charbel, the largest in Qatar, built on land given by the state. Lebanese restaurants and bakeries are part of everyday life in Doha, and families keep close ties to their home villages, returning every summer and voting in Lebanon's elections at the Lebanese School in West Bay.

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Ethiopians
EthiopiansDiscovery
Population
36,000
Language
Amharic (primary), Oromo, Tigrinya, others
Religion
Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam (mixed)
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan; community school in Al Shahaniya

About 36,000 Ethiopians live in Qatar, up from some 22,000 a decade ago, most of them domestic workers, cleaners, hotel and security staff, with a smaller circle of professionals and Ethiopian Airlines staff. Amhara, Oromo, Gurage, Silte and others share Amharic as their common language and gather each year for an Ethiopian Day around the anniversary of the 1896 victory at Adwa, staged in 2024 under the theme 'Multiethnic Ethiopia in Qatar'. The community runs its own school in Al Shahaniya, opened in 2020 on premises given by the Amir, and Orthodox Christians are building their first church in Doha on land granted by the government. Roughly half are Orthodox Christians and much of the rest Sunni Muslims, with small evangelical fellowships.

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Americans, U.S.
Population
~25,000-35,000
Language
English
Religion
Christianity - Protestantism
Location
Doha (West Bay, The Pearl, Al Waab, Lusail), Education City (Al Rayyan), Al Udeid Air Base

Americans in Qatar fall into two worlds: civilian professionals in energy, finance, consulting, teaching and medicine, with their families, and the several thousand service members at Al Udeid Air Base, the forward headquarters of US Central Command since the early 2000s. The civilian community grew from about 3,800 in 1999 to some 15,000 by 2014, drawn by tax-free salaries, liquefied natural gas partnerships and the American university campuses of Education City, where Georgetown, Northwestern, Carnegie Mellon, Virginia Commonwealth and Weill Cornell teach mostly Qatari and Arab students. Most are Christians, many of them evangelicals, who worship in English-language congregations in Doha's church complex or with military chaplains, alongside a large non-religious share. Iran's missile strikes on Al Udeid in June 2025 and the war that began in February 2026 led Washington to order non-emergency staff and families to leave.

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Arab, Tunisian
Population
30,000
Language
Arabic, Tunisian
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (Gharafa, Al Maamoura)

Tunisians in Qatar are a professional community of doctors, nurses, teachers, academics, engineers, bankers, hotel staff and soldiers in the Qatari armed forces, who grew from about 2,000 in 2005 to roughly 30,000 after the 2011 revolution brought the two countries close. They speak Tunisian Arabic and French among themselves, a Maghrebi Arabic that Qataris find hard to follow, and follow the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. An elected community council runs Ramadan iftars, sports competitions and plays by visiting Tunisian artists at the Souq Waqif theatre, and the Tunisian School, open since 1988 with more than 3,000 pupils, is the community's gathering place.

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Baloch, Southern
Population
~15,000-45,000
Language
Southern Balochi
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Al Baluche Camp (Freej al Baloush), Abu Hamour, Al Rayyan; other Doha districts; security-force housing

The Baloch of Qatar are Sunni Muslims from Balochistan, mostly from Iran's Sistan va Baluchestan with others from Pakistan's Makran coast and from Oman, who have come since the 1950s oil boom, many crossing the Gulf by boat, to work as labourers, drivers, fishermen, guards and soldiers. The government housed them first in central Doha and in 1984 moved them to a compound on the city's edge, Al Baluche Camp in Abu Hamour, where houses could be built only from plywood, timber and corrugated metal and were officially temporary; some 15,000 people lived in its 900 to 1,000 houses, with five mosques of their own, when a new order threatened them with eviction in 2022. Even men who arrived as boys in the 1960s still live on yearly work permits, so families save to build houses back in Balochistan, while young men from Pakistani Balochistan are still recruited into Qatar's security forces. At home they speak Balochi, and women and children wear richly embroidered Balochi dress. Older Baloch families who settled before independence have become Arabic-speaking Qatari citizens.

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British
BritishJPGRNDiscovery
Population
29,000
Language
English
Religion
Unaffiliated
Location
Doha (West Bay, The Pearl, Al Waab, Lusail), Al Rayyan, Dukhan; RAF at Al Udeid and Dukhan air bases

About 20,000 Britons live in Qatar, most of them professionals in finance, law, energy, engineering, teaching and healthcare who stay a few years with their families, alongside Royal Air Force crews. Britain was Qatar's protecting power from 1916 until independence in 1971, British oilmen opened the oil town of Dukhan from 1940, and the embassy founded the country's first English-language schools in the 1970s and 1980s. The Anglican Church of the Epiphany, opened in 2013 in Doha's walled church complex, traces its congregation to oil-company chaplains of the 1950s and today hosts dozens of congregations from 65 nationalities. Most Britons are nominal Christians or non-religious, and the community includes many British Muslims of South Asian and Arab origin.

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Indonesian
IndonesianJPDiscovery
Population
~23,000 (est. 17,000-27,000)
Language
Indonesian
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan, Al Khor and Ras Laffan, employer homes

Indonesians in Qatar are a community of about 23,000, from domestic workers to engineers in the gas industry, hotel and airline staff, bankers and teachers. Most are Muslims from Java and other islands, and their community life is shaped by Indonesia's great Islamic movements: a branch of Nahdlatul Ulama and the Indonesian Moslem Society in Qatar organise Quran study, Ramadan festivals and Eid prayers that draw up to a thousand people. A separate association gathers the Indonesians who work at the gas complexes around Al Khor in the north. A small Indonesian Catholic community meets alongside the Filipinos and Indians at the Catholic church outside Doha.

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Persian
PersianJPIMBGRN
Population
~6,000-25,000
Language
Iranian Persian
Religion
Islam - Shia
Location
Doha (Abu Hamour, old souqs, Al Hilal) and Al Rayyan

Persian-speaking Iranians in Qatar are traders, doctors, engineers, university teachers and artists from across Iran who live on Iranian passports, a smaller group than the Achomi and Baloch who make up most of Qatar's Iranian community. They are Twelver Shia Muslims, marking Muharram and Ashura quietly in the Shia halls of Doha, and celebrate Nowruz and Yalda night with Persian food, poetry and music; their children attend the Iranian schools of Abu Hamour. Iranians have traded and built boats in Qatar since before the oil era, but those older families have become Arabic-speaking Qatari citizens. Since Iran's missile strikes on Qatar in 2026 the community has lived under suspicion, though it has not been expelled.

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Arab, Moroccan
Population
15,000
Language
Arabic, Moroccan
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan

Moroccans in Qatar are a community of hotel and hospitality staff, engineers, teachers, health workers, bankers and media professionals, recruited since the 2000s through government agreements that promised far more jobs than materialised; many are women working in hotels and services. They speak Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and French, which sets them apart from the Gulf and Levantine Arabs around them, and follow the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. In Ramadan families keep Moroccan customs, breaking the fast with harira soup, honey-soaked chebakia and sellou, reciting the Qur'an together in the Hizb Ratib tradition and holding shared iftars across Doha.

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Turk
TurkJPIMBGRNDiscovery
Population
~12,000-16,000
Language
Turkish
Religion
Islam - Sunni
Location
Doha (West Bay, Lusail, Al Sadd, Al Waab) and Al Rayyan; Turkish troops at a base south of Doha

Turks first came to Qatar in the mid-1970s with Turkish construction companies and stayed a community of engineers and managers until the 2017-2021 blockade of Qatar drew the two countries close. Turkish troops, contractors, doctors, teachers, bankers and a working-class wave of barbers and döner makers from Hatay province followed, and the number of adult Turkish citizens registered to vote in Qatar tripled between 2018 and 2023. They have their own embassy school, now being replaced by a campus for 800 pupils, a Turkish hospital and a Yunus Emre cultural centre in Doha. Most are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school, from devout to secular, with an Alevi minority, and families keep long Turkish Sunday breakfasts, Ramadan pide and holiday customs.

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French
FrenchJPGRNDiscovery
Population
9,300
Language
French
Religion
Christianity - Roman Catholicism
Location
Doha (West Bay, Al Waab, Lusail, The Pearl) and Al Rayyan

About 6,000 French citizens live in Qatar, up from a few hundred in the early 2000s: engineers in gas and construction, bankers, hotel and luxury managers, academics at HEC Paris in Education City, museum specialists and defence staff. French schooling is the community's anchor, with two French lycées in Doha teaching more than 4,000 pupils, many of them Qatari and francophone Arab children alongside French families. Many French residents are dual nationals of North African or Lebanese origin, so the community spans Catholic heritage, firm secularism and Islam. Qatar's ownership of Paris Saint-Germain and its museum partnerships with Paris institutions tie the two countries closely.

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UgandansDiscovery
Population
~4,000 or more
Language
English and Luganda (common languages); Swahili; Runyankore-Rukiga, Lusoga, Acholi, Ateso, Lugbara and others at home
Religion
Christianity (Catholic, Anglican and Pentecostal)
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (shared flats, company labour housing, live-in domestic work in private homes)

Ugandans in Qatar are migrant workers who came mostly from the 2010s, as security guards, drivers, hotel and cleaning staff and, increasingly since a 2024 labour agreement, as live-in housemaids, most of them young women. They come from many of Uganda's peoples, but in Doha they meet as Ugandans: the Ugandan Community in Qatar, founded in 2015, holds Independence Day celebrations each October, and a football side, Cranes Doha, and the Twegate dance group keep up the music, dances and food of home. Their embassy, open since about 2019, now holds diaspora conventions and national ID drives, and over four thousand Ugandans came to register in a fortnight in August 2025. Most are Christians, Catholic, Anglican and Pentecostal, who worship on Fridays in the churches of Doha's religious complex, while a Muslim minority prays in the city's mosques.

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Arab, Saudi - Najdi
Population
3,000
Language
Arabic, Najdi
Religion
Islam - Sunni (Hanbali/Wahhabi-Salafi)
Location
Doha, Al Rayyan and Al Daayen, with kin among Qatar's tribal families

Saudi Arabs in Qatar are a small community, many of them cousins and in-laws of Qatari families rather than strangers, since Qatar's desert tribes such as the Al Murrah, Dawasir, Qahtan and Bani Hajer came from Najd and al-Ahsa and still have branches across the border. More than 8,000 Saudis lived in Qatar in June 2017, when Saudi Arabia cut ties and ordered its citizens home within two weeks, splitting thousands of mixed families; the border reopened in 2021, and today they number a few thousand, among them several hundred working in Qatar's ministries and companies. As Gulf citizens they may live and work in Qatar without a sponsor. They share the bedu dress, coffee hospitality, Nabati poetry and camel racing of the Qatari tribes among whom they live.

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German
GermanJPGRNDiscovery
Population
2,500
Language
German
Religion
Unaffiliated
Location
Doha (West Bay, Al Mamoura, Lusail) and The Pearl

About 2,000 to 3,000 Germans live in Qatar, most of them engineers, managers, doctors, academics, hoteliers and teachers posted for a few years with their families. Business ties run deep: Qatar is one of the largest foreign investors in Germany, with stakes in Volkswagen, Siemens and Deutsche Bank, and German firms build power plants, industrial plants and transport infrastructure in Qatar. Family life centres on the German International School in Al Mamoura, founded in 2008, which teaches some 420 children from Germany, Austria and Switzerland in German and English. A German-speaking Christian congregation gathers Catholics and Protestants together for the great church festivals, though most Germans in Qatar are nominal church members or have no religion.

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Armenian
ArmenianJPIMBGRN
Population
~700-1,500
Language
Armenian
Religion
Christianity - Armenian Apostolic
Location
Doha

Qatar's Armenians are a small community of professionals, mostly descendants of genocide survivors who had settled in Lebanon and Syria, joined since the 1990s by Armenians from Armenia, Iran and Russia. They numbered about 170 when they first organised in 2004 and about 700 by 2009, and Armenia opened an embassy in Doha in 2019. As Armenian Apostolic Christians without a church of their own, they gather for Christmas and Easter liturgies in the Coptic church of Doha, led by clergy visiting from the Gulf prelacy, and volunteer parents run the Mesrobian Saturday school so that children who speak English and Arabic better than Armenian still learn their language. The Emir granted land for an Armenian church in 2011, and the head of their church, Catholicos Aram I, visited the community again in 2024.

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