People groups

Kenyan

IMBDiscovery
Population in the Middle East and North Africa
75,000
Countries
6
Language
English
Religion
Christianity - Neo-Pentecostalism
Bible status
Complete Bible

Locations

Identity

Kenyans as a people group are the citizens of Kenya counted by nationality rather than by ethnicity. Abroad, Kenyans from the country's more than 40 peoples (Kikuyu, Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo and Kamba are the largest, with Kisii, Meru, Mijikenda, Swahili, Somali and others) mix across ethnic lines, speak Swahili and English among themselves and organise as Kenyans. The group, defined by research rather than by Joshua Project or IMB, covers Kenyan labour migrants, mostly in the Gulf states, whose ethnic groups are not counted separately there. Gulf migration grew quickly after 2010 under bilateral labour agreements: by mid-2024 over 400,000 Kenyans worked in the Gulf, most in Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

Culture & traditions

Kenyans abroad keep a shared national culture: Swahili and Sheng slang, ugali (maize porridge) with sukuma wiki (collard greens) and nyama choma (roast meat), chapati and chai, gospel and Bongo/Afro-pop music, football fandom and long-distance running pride. Savings groups (chamas) and SACCOs are central to community life, pooling wages for land, houses and businesses at home. Gulf migrants are mostly young adults on fixed contracts; women dominate domestic work and men security, driving and construction.

Religious practices

Most Kenyans are Christians: mainline Protestants (Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist), Catholics, a fast-growing Pentecostal and charismatic movement, and African Instituted churches. Prayer meetings, choirs and Sunday or Friday services anchor community life abroad. Muslims, about 11% at home, are concentrated on the coast and in the north-east and follow Shafi'i Sunni Islam; in Gulf households some Christian domestic workers convert to Islam.

Gospel access

The Bible is available in Swahili, English and all major Kenyan languages, with the Jesus Film and Global Recordings audio. Kenya is a majority-Christian country with a strong missionary-sending church, and Kenyan believers abroad often form or join English-language evangelical congregations.

At a glance

Language
English
Language family
Niger-Congo
Affinity bloc
Sub-Saharan African Peoples
People cluster
Sub-Saharan African, generic
Primary religion
Christianity - Neo-Pentecostalism
Bible status
Complete Bible
Jesus Film
Yes
Audio recordings
Yes
Gospel recordings
Available
Radio broadcasts
Not Available

Religious breakdown

Religion % DenominationNotes
Christianityc. 75-85%Protestant 33%, Catholic 21%, Evangelical 20%, African Instituted 7% (Kenya 2019 census)Abroad the Christian share is close to Kenya's
Islamc. 11-20%Sunni (Shafi'i)Swahili, Mijikenda and Somali Kenyans; a larger share among Gulf domestic workers
Other / nonec. 2-5%Traditional religion, Hindu, none

Presence by country

QatarDiasporaVerified presence
Population
75,000
Location
Doha and Al Rayyan (central Doha flats, Industrial Area labour housing, private homes)

Kenyans are one of Qatar's fastest-growing communities: about 2,500 worked there around 2009, and more than 75,000 by early 2025, with the two governments aiming for 200,000. They came through a 2012 labour agreement, first as hotel staff, security guards and domestic workers, and increasingly as police recruits, nurses, teachers and technicians. Drawn from all of Kenya's peoples, they speak Swahili and English among themselves and organise as Kenyans rather than by tribe, through savings cooperatives, the embassy and FC Kenya, a football club founded in 2012. Most are Christians who worship on Fridays at the churches of Doha's religious complex and in African-led evangelical congregations, while a Muslim minority comes mainly from the coast and the north-east.

Saudi ArabiaDiasporaVerified presence
Population
~200,000 (150,000-310,000)
Location
Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam and Al-Khobar, Mecca; live-in domestic workers in homes across the kingdom

Saudi Arabia is the main destination for Kenyan workers abroad, and about 200,000 Kenyans now live there, most of them young women working as live-in maids, nannies and cleaners in Saudi homes, with men as drivers, security guards and cleaners. Their numbers have more than doubled since 2022, as Kenya's government made labour migration to the Gulf a national policy and Saudi Arabia took most of the workers it placed. They come from all of Kenya's peoples and speak Swahili and English among themselves. Most are Christians who cannot worship openly in the kingdom, and many endure 16-hour days, confiscated passports and isolation inside the homes they serve.

United Arab EmiratesDiasporaVerified presence
Population
~35,000 (est. 30,000-50,000)
Location
Mostly Dubai; also Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Ajman

Some 30,000 to 50,000 Kenyans live in the Emirates, most of them in Dubai, a community that has grown since a 2018 labour agreement opened recruitment for domestic and service work. They work as hotel and restaurant staff, security guards, drivers and delivery riders, airport and aviation staff, IT workers and housemaids, and nearly 600 Kenyan firms trade from Dubai. Drawn from all of Kenya's peoples, they speak Swahili and English among themselves and gather as Kenyans rather than by tribe. Most are Christians, and on Sundays many fill African-led churches such as one meeting in an events hall in Deira, where Kenyans are the majority and worship songs are sung in several African languages.

Also found outside the Middle East and North Africa

Kenya, Canada, United States

Sources

  1. Amnesty International: Saudi Arabia: migrant domestic workers face severe exploitation, racism and exclusion (13 May 2025)
  2. Amnesty International UK: Qatar security guards being subjected to forced labour (Apr 2022)
  3. Capital FM: Kenya embassy in Doha calls on Kenyans to register amid Iran attacks (Feb 2026)
  4. Capital FM: UAE assures safety of 30,000 Kenyans as Middle East tensions persist (24 Apr 2026)
  5. Citizen Digital: 283 Kenyans died in Gulf countries within the last three years - CS Bore (2023)
  6. Citizen Digital: At least 30,000 Kenyans working in United Arab Emirates - CS Mudavadi (3 Dec 2024)
  7. Dubai Chamber: Kenyan Business Council launched (20 Jul 2026, Arabic)
  8. GLMM: Saudi Arabia, sub-Saharan population by country of citizenship and sex (census 2022)
  9. Gulf News: Kenyan association helps fight recruitment fraud (15 Sep 2018)
  10. Gulf News: UAE and Kenya sign MoU on domestic workers (2018)
  11. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics: 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Vol. IV
  12. Kenyans.co.ke: Kenya lists 14 local job placements against Saudi Arabia's 176,000 (28 Feb 2024)
  13. Nation: 'We earn good money but still struggle': Kenyans speak on life in the Gulf (Aug 2025)
  14. News Ghana: Ghana Embassy joins Doha church diversity celebration
  15. People Daily: CS Bore: 240 Kenyans have died in Middle East since 2020 (7 Aug 2023)
  16. People Daily: CS Mutua sees off 200 Kenyans set to join Qatar's govt as security officers (Feb 2025)
  17. People Daily: Mutua says Kenya will increase jobs in Qatar (Oct 2024)
  18. Qatar Tribune: Join self help groups and SACCOs, ambassador tells Kenyan expats
  19. Qatar Tribune: More Kenyan professionals coming to Qatar, ambassador (Dec 2019)
  20. Standard: Kenya opens embassy in Qatar
  21. The East African: Qatar shuts down 12 Kenyan recruitment agencies
  22. The Peninsula: Kenyans using football as means of community interaction (Mar 2019)
  23. The Standard: More than church: where Kenyans, Africans in Dubai pray and bond (Apr 2026)
  24. The Standard: Report: Saudi Arabia top employer of Kenyans
  25. The Standard: Why Saudi Arabia remains favourite destination for Kenyan migrant workers (1 Jul 2026)
  26. The Star: How Kenyans are distributed in Gulf states (Jul 2024)
  27. The Star: Kenyans in distress as Iran-US conflict hits home (8 Mar 2026)
  28. WORLD: Saudi salt and light