Italian

About 1,200 Italian citizens without Moroccan nationality live in Morocco, most of them in Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech and Tangier. They are the heirs of a once larger community: Sicilian builders, craftsmen and pharmacists made Casablanca's Maarif quarter a 'Little Italy', and about 17,500 Italians lived in Morocco in 1956, before nearly all left with independence. Today's Italians are mostly engineers, managers, diplomats, teachers and hotel owners. The Enrico Mattei Italian school, founded in Casablanca in 1920, still awards Italian diplomas, though most of its pupils are now Moroccan, and an Italian club meets in Casablanca and in Marrakech.

A few thousand Italians live in Saudi Arabia, engineers, managers and technicians who follow Italian contracts in the kingdom rather than any colonial or merchant past. The largest employers are offshore and fabrication work for Saudi Aramco in the Eastern Province, Italian builders on the Riyadh Metro and the Vision 2030 projects, and design, fashion and hospitality firms, and many workers come on rotation without their families. Italians live in Western compounds, keep their food and family customs, and meet through company circles, the embassy in Riyadh, the consulate in Jeddah and an association of Italian entrepreneurs. Most are Catholic in name, and those who practise attend private Masses, since no church may be built in the kingdom.

Italians are Tunisia's second-largest European community, and most of them are recent retirees. Sicilians once outnumbered the French here, 90,000 to 70,000 in 1926, and filled the fishing and working-class quarter of La Goulette known as Little Sicily, but nearly all left in the decade after independence. In recent years a new wave of pensioners, many of them former soldiers, police officers and civil servants, has settled on the Cap Bon coast, drawn by a tax treaty that taxes only a fifth of their pensions; about 5,000 live in Hammamet alone, where Italian Mass is said every weekend. Each 15 August Christians, Muslims and Jews still walk behind the statue of Our Lady of Trapani from La Goulette's parish church to the sea, a Sicilian fishermen's procession revived in 2017.